The State Action Doctrine and the First Amendment
Students will explore how the U.S. Supreme Court determines when the First Amendment applies and how the court’s rulings have refined this over time. They’ll learn how the First Amendment restricts the government and why it doesn’t typically apply to private actions.
Select grade level
Grades 10-12
Download lesson plan sources
Grades 7-9
Download lesson plan sources
Grades 4-6
Download lesson plan sources
Related resources
What Is State Action? State Action Doctrine Explained
Explaining state action, a little-known concept that is key to understanding when First Amendment rights have been violated.
Can Government Cut Funding Based on Speech, Protest Issues?
Does the government cutting funding due to speech and protests it disagrees with violate the First Amendment?
Chilling Effect: Definition, Examples and More
Everything you need to know about a chilling effect and how it relates to free speech and the First Amendment.
Can You Be Required to Speak? Compelled Speech Explained
The First Amendment protects free speech, but what about being required to speak? Here's what you need to know about compelled speech.
Related lesson plans
Freedom of Assembly
Students will learn about why freedom of assembly is important now and throughout U.S. history. They’ll explore the ways in which the government can restrict freedom of assembly, depending on where and when it occurs. And they’ll see examples of limits on assembly that violate First Amendment rights.
The Five Freedoms in Action
Students will be introduced to the five freedoms of the First Amendment and see how these freedoms make possible many activities in daily life. They’ll gain an understanding of when and by whom the freedoms can be limited — and when limits would violate the First Amendment.

